India’s Policy Towards Its Diaspora: A Pathway to a Viksit Bharat by 2047

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India’s relationship with its global diaspora has evolved into a strategic partnership, reflecting a deep appreciation of their pivotal role in the nation’s development. With over 32 million Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) spread across the world, the Indian diaspora is a powerful force contributing to the economic, social, and cultural fabric of India. This article examines the historical evolution of India’s diaspora policy, the programs designed to engage this community, their significance to India, and their contributions, including how they can help achieve the vision of a Viksit Bharat by 2047.

Historical Background

The Indian diaspora’s story began during the colonial era, with the migration of indentured laborers to far-off British colonies such as Fiji, Mauritius, South Africa, and the Caribbean. Post-independence, India adopted a cautious approach towards its diaspora, but the economic liberalization of the 1990s heralded a proactive outreach, recognizing the diaspora’s role as partners in trade, investments, and cultural diplomacy. The establishment of the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (MOIA) in 2004 and the introduction of the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) in 2003 institutionalized India’s engagement with its diaspora. These efforts laid the foundation for robust and mutually beneficial partnerships.

Current Policies and Programs

India has implemented several programs to deepen its ties with its diaspora:

1. Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD): Observed annually on January 9, the PBD celebrates the diaspora’s contributions and fosters dialogue on collaborative initiatives. The upcoming PBD in Bhubaneswar from January 8-10, 2025, will emphasize the diaspora’s role in India’s development goals.
2. Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) Card: The OCI card enables PIOs to maintain lifelong connections with India through visa-free travel and access to specific rights.
3. Pre-Departure Orientation Training (PDOT): Under the Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PKVY), Indian workers bound for overseas employment receive training on cultural and workplace norms to ensure smooth integration.
4. Enhanced Consular Services: Strengthened grievance redressal mechanisms and welfare measures ensure the safety and well-being of Indian workers, particularly in the Gulf region.

Why the Indian Diaspora Matters

1. Economic Contributions: India received $125 billion in remittances in 2023, the highest globally, reflecting the diaspora’s critical role in supporting household incomes, boosting domestic consumption, and augmenting foreign exchange reserves.

2. Soft Power and Advocacy: The diaspora serves as cultural ambassadors, promoting Indian values and interests globally. Leaders of Indian origin, such as Rishi Sunak and Kamala Harris, exemplify the influence of Indian communities abroad.

3. Technology and Innovation: Diaspora professionals in Silicon Valley and other innovation hubs drive advancements in technology, fostering collaborations that benefit India’s digital and knowledge economies.

4. Philanthropy and Development: Diaspora members actively contribute to developmental projects in India, supporting education, healthcare, and rural infrastructure.

Role in Achieving Viksit Bharat by 2047

1. Economic Development: Investments from the diaspora in startups, infrastructure, and renewable energy sectors can significantly bolster India’s growth trajectory.

2. Skill Development and Knowledge Transfer: Collaborations in research, technology, and education can enhance India’s global competitiveness and capacity-building efforts.

3. Global Advocacy: The diaspora can amplify India’s voice in international forums, supporting its aspirations for greater global influence, including a permanent seat at the UN Security Council.

4. Cultural Diplomacy: Promoting Indian culture and heritage globally, the diaspora can strengthen India’s soft power and foster a positive image of the nation.

Prime Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi aptly encapsulated this sentiment, stating, "The world is seeing India with a ray of hope and our diaspora can play a crucial role in further spreading it." External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar also highlighted the significance of the diaspora, noting, "The Indian diaspora is not just a bridge to the world but a vital part of India’s growth story."

Conclusion

As India approaches its centenary of independence in 2047, the Indian diaspora will be an indispensable partner in achieving the vision of a Viksit Bharat. Government initiatives like the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas and skill development programs reflect a sustained commitment to fostering this relationship. The diaspora’s economic contributions, advocacy, and knowledge transfers underscore their critical role in India’s development story. By continuing to engage and empower its diaspora, India can ensure their contributions drive the nation toward its aspirations of economic prosperity, technological leadership, and cultural prominence on the global stage.